Research Library · Sourced

The literature behind every vial.

A working library of peer-reviewed studies indexed in PubMed across every compound we offer. Listed alphabetically by compound. Linking is for research context, not endorsement of any therapeutic application or human use.

Articles & Editorial

From the research desk.

Long-form breakdowns of compound mechanisms, study summaries, and the why-it-matters reading we publish for the research community. New articles published monthly.

Want to be notified when new pieces drop?

Email the research desk →
Literature

Studies by compound.

An indexed list of peer-reviewed papers from PubMed referencing each compound in the catalog. Provided as research context. Linking does not constitute endorsement of any therapeutic application or human use.

  1. Sikiric P, et al. (2024) · Pharmaceuticals (Basel) The stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 pleiotropic beneficial activity and its possible relations with neurotransmitter activity PubMed · 38675421
  2. Józwiak M, et al. (2025) · Pharmaceuticals (Basel) Multifunctionality and possible medical application of the BPC 157 peptide: literature and patent review PubMed · 40005999
  3. Vasireddi N, et al. (2025) · HSS Journal Emerging use of BPC-157 in orthopaedic sports medicine: a systematic review PubMed · 40756949
  4. McGuire FP, et al. (2025) · Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med Regeneration or risk? A narrative review of BPC-157 for musculoskeletal healing PubMed · 40789979
  5. Seiwerth S, et al. (2021) · Front Pharmacol Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and wound healing PubMed · 34267654
  6. Vukojevic J, et al. (2022) · Neural Regen Res Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and the central nervous system PubMed · 34380875
  7. Chang CH, et al. (2011) · J Appl Physiol The promoting effect of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on tendon healing involves tendon outgrowth, cell survival, and cell migration PubMed · 21030672
  8. Seiwerth S, et al. (2014) · Curr Pharm Des BPC 157 and blood vessels PubMed · 23782145
  9. Sikiric P, et al. (2020) · Gut and Liver Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157, Robert's stomach cytoprotection / adaptive cytoprotection / organoprotection, and Selye's stress coping response PubMed · 31158953
  10. Park JM, et al. (2020) · Curr Pharm Des BPC 157 rescued NSAID-cytotoxicity via stabilizing intestinal permeability and enhancing cytoprotection PubMed · 32445447
BPC-157 + TB-500
View product →
  1. Sikiric P, et al. (2024) · Pharmaceuticals (Basel) · BPC-157 The stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 pleiotropic beneficial activity and its possible relations with neurotransmitter activity PubMed · 38675421
  2. Bock-Marquette I, et al. (2023) · Int Immunopharmacol · TB-500 / Tβ4 Thymosin beta-4 denotes new directions towards developing prosperous anti-aging regenerative therapies PubMed · 36709593
  3. Vasireddi N, et al. (2025) · HSS Journal · BPC-157 Emerging use of BPC-157 in orthopaedic sports medicine: a systematic review PubMed · 40756949
  4. Sosne G (2018) · Expert Opin Biol Ther · TB-500 / Tβ4 Thymosin beta 4 and the eye: the journey from bench to bedside PubMed · 30063853
  5. Seiwerth S, et al. (2021) · Front Pharmacol · BPC-157 Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and wound healing PubMed · 34267654
  6. Pipes GT, Yang J (2016) · Vitam Horm · TB-500 / Tβ4 Cardioprotection by Thymosin Beta 4 PubMed · 27450736
  7. Chang CH, et al. (2011) · J Appl Physiol · BPC-157 The promoting effect of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on tendon healing involves tendon outgrowth, cell survival, and cell migration PubMed · 21030672
  8. Belsky JB, et al. (2018) · Expert Opin Biol Ther · TB-500 / Tβ4 Thymosin beta 4 regulation of actin in sepsis PubMed · 29508629
  9. Seiwerth S, et al. (2014) · Curr Pharm Des · BPC-157 BPC 157 and blood vessels PubMed · 23782145
  10. Faa G, et al. (2024) · Cells · TB-500 / Tβ4 Thymosin beta(4) and beta(10) expression in human organs during development: a review PubMed · 38994967
CJC-1295 (no DAC) + Ipamorelin
View product →
  1. Teichman SL, et al. (2006) · J Clin Endocrinol Metab · CJC-1295 Prolonged stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I secretion by CJC-1295, a long-acting analog of GH-releasing hormone, in healthy adults PubMed · 16352683
  2. Jetté L, et al. (2005) · Endocrinology · CJC-1295 Human growth hormone-releasing factor (hGRF)1-29-albumin bioconjugates activate the GRF receptor on the anterior pituitary in rats: identification of CJC-1295 as a long-lasting GRF analog PubMed · 15817669
  3. Ionescu M, Frohman LA. (2006) · J Clin Endocrinol Metab · CJC-1295 Pulsatile secretion of growth hormone (GH) persists during continuous stimulation by CJC-1295, a long-acting GH-releasing hormone analog PubMed · 17018654
  4. Alba M, et al. (2006) · Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab · CJC-1295 Once-daily administration of CJC-1295, a long-acting growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog, normalizes growth in the GHRH knockout mouse PubMed · 16720630
  5. Raun K, et al. (1998) · Eur J Endocrinol · Ipamorelin Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogue PubMed · 9849822
  6. Andersen NB, et al. (2001) · Bone · Ipamorelin The growth hormone secretagogue ipamorelin counteracts glucocorticoid-induced decrease in bone formation of adult rats PubMed · 11163462
  7. Lall S, et al. (2001) · J Endocrinol · Ipamorelin Iron-deficiency anaemia and ipamorelin: stimulation of growth hormone secretion in young rats PubMed · 11782339
  8. Sinha DK, et al. (2020) · Transl Androl Urol · Combined Beyond the androgen receptor: the role of growth hormone secretagogues in the modern management of body composition in hypogonadal males PubMed · 32257851
  1. Pickart L, Margolina A. (2018) · Int J Mol Sci Regenerative and Protective Actions of the GHK-Cu Peptide in the Light of the New Gene Data PubMed · 29986520
  2. Pickart L, et al. (2015) · Biomed Res Int GHK Peptide as a Natural Modulator of Multiple Cellular Pathways in Skin Regeneration PubMed · 26236730
  3. Pickart L, Margolina A. (2022) · Cosmetics The Effect of the Human Peptide GHK on Gene Expression Relevant to Anti-Aging Research PubMed · 35256962
  4. Park JR, et al. (2016) · Biomater Res The tri-peptide GHK-Cu complex ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice PubMed · 27274846
  5. Pickart L, et al. (2017) · Oxid Med Cell Longev GHK-Cu may Prevent Oxidative Stress in Skin by Regulating Copper and Modifying Expression of Numerous Antioxidant Genes PubMed · 28168011
  6. Vinci C, et al. (2024) · Int J Mol Sci Exploring the Role of Tripeptides in Wound Healing and Skin Regeneration: A Comprehensive Review PubMed · 38732034
  7. Maquart FX, et al. (1988) · FEBS Lett Stimulation of collagen synthesis in fibroblast cultures by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu²⁺ PubMed · 3416984
  8. Canapp SO, et al. (2003) · Vet Surg The effect of topical tripeptide-copper complex on healing of ischemic open wounds PubMed · 14648533
GHK-Cu + BPC-157 + TB-500
View product →
  1. Pickart L, Margolina A. (2018) · Int J Mol Sci · GHK-Cu Regenerative and Protective Actions of the GHK-Cu Peptide in the Light of the New Gene Data PubMed · 29986520
  2. Maquart FX, et al. (1988) · FEBS Lett · GHK-Cu Stimulation of collagen synthesis in fibroblast cultures by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu²⁺ PubMed · 3416984
  3. Sikiric P, et al. (2024) · Pharmaceuticals (Basel) · BPC-157 The stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 pleiotropic beneficial activity and its possible relations with neurotransmitter activity PubMed · 38675421
  4. Vasireddi N, et al. (2025) · HSS Journal · BPC-157 Emerging use of BPC-157 in orthopaedic sports medicine: a systematic review PubMed · 40756949
  5. Sosne G (2018) · Expert Opin Biol Ther · TB-500 / Tβ4 Thymosin beta 4 and the eye: the journey from bench to bedside PubMed · 29447078
  6. Bock-Marquette I, et al. (2023) · Int Immunopharmacol · TB-500 / Tβ4 Thymosin beta-4: An emerging therapeutic peptide for tissue regeneration and repair PubMed · 37804654
  7. Pickart L, et al. (2017) · Oxid Med Cell Longev · GHK-Cu GHK-Cu may Prevent Oxidative Stress in Skin by Regulating Copper and Modifying Expression of Numerous Antioxidant Genes PubMed · 28168011
  8. Vinci C, et al. (2024) · Int J Mol Sci · Tripeptides review Exploring the Role of Tripeptides in Wound Healing and Skin Regeneration: A Comprehensive Review PubMed · 38732034
GHK-Cu + BPC-157 + KPV + TB-500
View product →
  1. Pickart L, Margolina A. (2018) · Int J Mol Sci · GHK-Cu Regenerative and Protective Actions of the GHK-Cu Peptide in the Light of the New Gene Data PubMed · 29986520
  2. Sikiric P, et al. (2024) · Pharmaceuticals (Basel) · BPC-157 The stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 pleiotropic beneficial activity and its possible relations with neurotransmitter activity PubMed · 38675421
  3. Dalmasso G, et al. (2008) · Gastroenterology · KPV PepT1-Mediated Tripeptide KPV Uptake Reduces Intestinal Inflammation PubMed · 18061177
  4. Bettenworth D, et al. (2008) · J Gastroenterol Hepatol · KPV Melanocortin-derived tripeptide KPV has anti-inflammatory potential in murine models of inflammatory bowel disease PubMed · 18092346
  5. Sosne G (2018) · Expert Opin Biol Ther · TB-500 / Tβ4 Thymosin beta 4 and the eye: the journey from bench to bedside PubMed · 29447078
  6. Pickart L, et al. (2017) · Oxid Med Cell Longev · GHK-Cu GHK-Cu may Prevent Oxidative Stress in Skin by Regulating Copper and Modifying Expression of Numerous Antioxidant Genes PubMed · 28168011
  7. Vasireddi N, et al. (2025) · HSS Journal · BPC-157 Emerging use of BPC-157 in orthopaedic sports medicine: a systematic review PubMed · 40756949
  8. Bock-Marquette I, et al. (2023) · Int Immunopharmacol · TB-500 / Tβ4 Thymosin beta-4: An emerging therapeutic peptide for tissue regeneration and repair PubMed · 37804654
GLP3 (Retatrutide)
View product →
  1. Jastreboff AM, et al. (2023) · N Engl J Med · LANDMARK Triple-hormone-receptor agonist retatrutide for obesity: a phase 2 trial PubMed · 37366315
  2. Rosenstock J, et al. (2023) · Lancet · Phase 2 T2D Retatrutide, a GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist, for people with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, double-blind, placebo and active-controlled, parallel-group, phase 2 trial PubMed · 37385280
  3. Sanyal AJ, et al. (2024) · Nat Med · Phase 2a MASH Triple hormone receptor agonist retatrutide for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a randomized phase 2a trial PubMed · 38858523
  4. Pasqualotto E, et al. (2024) · Metabol Open · Meta-analysis Effects of once-weekly subcutaneous retatrutide on weight and metabolic markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials PubMed · 39318607
  5. Coskun T, et al. (2025) · Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol · Body composition Effects of retatrutide on body composition in people with type 2 diabetes: a substudy of a phase 2, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, randomised trial PubMed · 40609566
  6. Katsi V, et al. (2025) · Biomolecules · Review Retatrutide: a game changer in obesity pharmacotherapy PubMed · 40563436
  7. Abdul-Rahman T, et al. (2024) · Eur J Pharmacol · Review The power of three: retatrutide's role in modern obesity and diabetes therapy PubMed · 39515565
  8. Abdrabou Abouelmagd A, et al. (2025) · Proc Bayl Univ Med Cent · Meta-analysis Efficacy and safety of retatrutide, a novel GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptor agonist for obesity treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials PubMed · 40291085
  9. Sinha B, et al. (2025) · Obesity (Silver Spring) · Bayesian NMA Efficacy and safety of GLP-1 receptor agonists, dual agonists, and retatrutide for weight loss in adults with overweight or obesity: a Bayesian network meta-analysis PubMed · 40685589
  10. Giblin K, et al. (2026) · Diabetes Obes Metab · Phase 3 program Retatrutide for the treatment of obesity, obstructive sleep apnea and knee osteoarthritis: rationale and design of the TRIUMPH registrational clinical trials PubMed · 41090431
  1. Lee C, et al. (2015) · Cell Metab The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance PubMed · 25738459
  2. Reynolds JC, et al. (2021) · Nat Commun MOTS-c is an exercise-induced mitochondrial-encoded regulator of age-dependent physical decline and muscle homeostasis PubMed · 33420074
  3. Lu H, et al. (2019) · Nutrients Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide MOTS-c Increases Adipose Thermogenic Activation to Promote Cold Adaptation PubMed · 31487909
  4. Kim SJ, et al. (2018) · Aging Cell Mitochondrially derived peptides as novel regulators of metabolism PubMed · 28758334
  5. Ramanjaneya M, et al. (2019) · J Endocr Soc Lipids and insulin regulate mitochondrial-derived peptide (MOTS-c) in PCOS and healthy subjects PubMed · 31119263
  6. Lu H, et al. (2019) · FASEB J MOTS-c peptide regulates adipose homeostasis to prevent ovariectomy-induced metabolic dysfunction PubMed · 30725119
  7. Yan Z, et al. (2023) · Front Endocrinol MOTS-c: A promising mitochondrial-derived peptide for therapeutic exploitation PubMed · 37152961
  8. D'Souza RF, et al. (2020) · Aging Circulatory and muscle-localized exercise-induced mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c is an age-dependent biomarker of musculoskeletal aging PubMed · 32213657
Tesamorelin
View product →
  1. Falutz J, et al. (2007) · N Engl J Med Metabolic effects of a growth hormone-releasing factor in patients with HIV PubMed · 18046029
  2. Stanley TL, et al. (2014) · JAMA Effect of tesamorelin on visceral fat and liver fat in HIV-infected patients with abdominal fat accumulation PubMed · 25027142
  3. Stanley TL, et al. (2019) · Lancet HIV Effects of tesamorelin on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in HIV: a randomised, double-blind, multicentre trial PubMed · 31303465
  4. Falutz J, et al. (2010) · J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Long-term safety and effects of tesamorelin, a GHRH analogue, in HIV patients with abdominal fat accumulation PubMed · 20431394
  5. Spooner LM, Olin JL. (2012) · Ann Pharmacother Tesamorelin: a growth hormone-releasing factor analogue for HIV-associated lipodystrophy PubMed · 22318927
  6. Adrian S, et al. (2018) · J Clin Endocrinol Metab The growth hormone releasing hormone analogue, tesamorelin, decreases muscle fat and increases muscle area in adults with HIV PubMed · 30032213
  7. Clemmons DR, et al. (2017) · J Clin Endocrinol Metab Safety and metabolic effects of tesamorelin, a growth hormone-releasing factor analogue, in patients with type 2 diabetes PubMed · 28323959
  8. Falutz J, et al. (2008) · J Clin Endocrinol Metab A tesamorelin, a growth hormone-releasing factor analog, in HIV-infected patients with excess abdominal fat: a pooled analysis of two multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trials PubMed · 20484485
Tesamorelin + Ipamorelin
View product →
  1. Russo SC, et al. (2024) · AIDS · Tesamorelin Efficacy and safety of tesamorelin in people with HIV on integrase inhibitors PubMed · 38905488
  2. Raun K, et al. (1998) · Eur J Endocrinol · Ipamorelin Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogue PubMed · 9849822
  3. Lake JE, et al. (2021) · AIDS · Tesamorelin Tesamorelin improves fat quality independent of changes in fat quantity PubMed · 33756511
  4. Johansen PB, et al. (1999) · Growth Horm IGF Res · Ipamorelin Ipamorelin, a new growth-hormone-releasing peptide, induces longitudinal bone growth in rats PubMed · 10373343
  5. Dhillon S (2011) · Drugs · Tesamorelin Tesamorelin: a review of its use in the management of HIV-associated lipodystrophy PubMed · 21668043
  6. Andersen NB, et al. (2001) · Growth Horm IGF Res · Ipamorelin The growth hormone secretagogue ipamorelin counteracts glucocorticoid-induced decrease in bone formation of adult rats PubMed · 11735244
  7. Wang Y, Tomlinson B (2009) · Expert Opin Investig Drugs · Tesamorelin Tesamorelin, a human growth hormone releasing factor analogue PubMed · 19243281
  8. Gobburu JV, et al. (1999) · Pharm Res · Ipamorelin Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of ipamorelin, a growth hormone releasing peptide, in human volunteers PubMed · 10496658
  9. Spooner LM, Olin JL (2012) · Ann Pharmacother · Tesamorelin Tesamorelin: a growth hormone-releasing factor analogue for HIV-associated lipodystrophy PubMed · 22298602
  10. Mayfield CK, et al. (2026) · Am J Sports Med · Ipamorelin Injectable peptide therapy: a primer for orthopaedic and sports medicine physicians PubMed · 41476424
For Research Use Only

Laboratory Research Exclusively

All products offered by Elixser Peptides are intended strictly for laboratory research purposes and are not for human or animal consumption. These materials are designed for in vitro scientific study only and should be handled exclusively by qualified professionals within controlled laboratory settings.

By purchasing from Elixser Peptides, you acknowledge and agree to use all products in accordance with applicable laws, regulations, and ethical research standards.